The use of mortars and plasters has been widespread in many cultures for thousands of
years and these materials are found in the vast majority of built cultural heritage. They play a …

Based on a short introduction to the dielectric properties of water and aqueous solutions, this
review summarizes current techniques of electromagnetic aquametry. The techniques …

This review gives a brief introduction to the principles of microwave measurements of the
complex permittivity of materials. The fundamentals of reflection, transmission and resonant …

Based on the analysis of the renaissance wall paintings by Masaccio, Masolino, and
Filippino Lippi in the Brancacci chapel in Firenze, this paper discusses the use of …

A concentric coplanar capacitive sensor is analyzed for the quantitative characterization of
material properties for multi-layered dielectrics. The sensor output signal, transcapacitance …

Change is inherent to time being transient. With the NMR-MOUSE (MObile Universal
Surface Explorer) having matured into an established NMR tool for nondestructive testing of …

In recent years, THz imaging techniques have been used in several fields of application. At
the beginning of the century, the low availability of powerful THz sources was one of the …

Several techniques for measuring the moisture levels of materials, particularly in the soil
science area, are available. Nevertheless, the state of the art is rather lacking in moisture …

As is well known, the deterioration of wall paintings due to the capillary rise of water through
the walls is a very widespread problem. In this paper, a study of microclimate monitoring …

Non-destructive techniques have always been used in the study of built cultural heritage
because of the high cultural value of the concerned objects and the need to preserve them …