Many enveloped viruses complete their replication cycle by forming vesicles that bud from
the plasma membrane. Some viruses encode “late”(L) domain motifs that are able to hijack …

The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is highly
conserved and its components have been found in all five major supergroups of eukaryotes …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major human pathogen that chronically infects≈ 350 million
people, causing liver disease and liver cancer. HBV virions bud into an endoplasmic …

ALIX/AIP1 functions in enveloped virus budding, endosomal protein sorting, and many other
cellular processes. Retroviruses, including HIV-1, SIV, and EIAV, bind and recruit ALIX …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped DNA virus that presumably buds at intracellular
membranes of infected cells. HBV budding involves two endocytic host proteins, the …

Novel therapies are urgently needed against hepatitis C virus infection (HCV), a major
global health problem. The current model of infectious virus production suggests that HCV …

The highly pathogenic Old World arenavirus Lassa virus (LASV) and the prototypic
arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) use α-dystroglycan as a cellular …

Alix is a cytosolic protein in mammalian cells that was originally identified on the basis of its
association with pro-apoptotic signaling. More recent evidence has established that Alix has …

The limited coding capacity of retroviral genomes forces these viruses to rely heavily on the
host-cell machinery for their replication. This phenomenon is particularly well illustrated by …

The cellular ESCRT pathway functions in membrane remodeling events that accompany
endosomal protein sorting, cytokinesis, and enveloped RNA virus budding. In the last case …