Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 is an endosomal innate immune sensor capable of detecting
single-stranded ribonucleic acid. TLR7-mediated induction of type I interferon and other …

The discovery of the TLRs family and more precisely its functions opened a variety of gates
to modulate immunological host responses. TLRs 7/8 are located in the endosomal …

Background Imiquimod (IMQ) produces a cutaneous phenotype in mice frequently studied
as an acute model of human psoriasis. Whether this phenotype depends on strain or sex …

Cytokine-mediated immune-cell recruitment and inflammation contribute to protection in
respiratory virus infection. However, uncontrolled inflammation and the “cytokine storm” are …

The circadian clock coordinates a variety of immune responses with signals from the
external environment to promote survival. We investigated the potential reciprocal …

The skin surface is modified by numerous appendages. These structures arise from
epithelial stem cells (SCs) through the induction of epidermal placodes as a result of local …

Background. When vascular endothelial cells are subjected to external stimuli, paracrine
hormones and cytokines act on adjacent cells. The regulation of the biological behaviour of …

Introduction Managing large chronic wounds presents significant challenges because of
inadequate donor sites, infection, and lack of structural support from dermal substitutes …

Stem cell markers of interfollicular epidermis (IEF) have not been established thus far. The
aim of this study is to suggest a new way to disclose IFE-stem cells by combining the …

Cutaneous stem cells (CSCs) orchestrate the homeostasis and regeneration of mammalian
skin. Epithelial CSCs have been isolated and characterized from the skin and hold great …