Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) amplification is an important driver alteration in cancer. It
has been observed in most cancer types and is associated with worse patient outcome. The …

Recent reports have demonstrated that oncogene amplification on extrachromosomal DNA
(ecDNA) is a frequent event in cancer, providing new momentum to explore a phenomenon …

Human cells have twenty-three pairs of chromosomes. In cancer, however, genes can be
amplified in chromosomes or in circular extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA), although the …

Abstract Changes in gene copy number are among the most frequent mutational events in
all genomes and were among the mutations for which a physical basis was first known. Yet …

Cisplatin (DDP) resistance is an important factor that decreases the effect of chemotherapy,
thus leading to local recurrence and lymph node metastasis of hypopharyngeal squamous …

No inkling has been found of what happens in a cell when it becomes neoplastic, and how
this state of affairs is passed on when it multiplies. A favorite explanation has been that …

We illustrate the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for analysis of ERBB2
oncogene copy number, the level of amplification (here defined as the ratio of ERBB2 copy …

One stress response in cells is the ability to survive in an environment containing excessive
concentrations of metal ions. This paper reviews current knowledge about cellular and …

The inherent or induced resistance of tumors to cytostatic agents is a major clinical problem.
In this review, we summarize the pre-clinical mechanisms of acquired and inherent …

Inverted repeats (IRs) that can form a hairpin or cruciform structure are common in the
human genome and may be sources of instability. An IR involving the human Alu sequence …