Fish immunization has been carried out for over 50 years and is generally accepted as an
effective method for preventing a wide range of bacterial and viral diseases. Vaccination …

Pestiviruses are among the economically most important pathogens of livestock. The biology
of these viruses is characterized by unique and interesting features that are both crucial for …

Recombinant nucleic acids are considered as promising next-generation vaccines. These
vaccines express the native antigen upon delivery into tissue, thus mimicking live attenuated …

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) continues to be of economic significance to the livestock
industry in terms of acute disease and fetal loss. Many of the lesions relating to BVDV …

Alphavirus vectors have demonstrated high levels of transient heterologous gene
expression both in vitro and in vivo and, therefore, possess attractive features for vaccine …

Vaccination through cellular transfection of nucleotide-based vaccines is a powerful
approach to combatting disease. Plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccines are particularly promising …

The advent of reverse genetic approaches to manipulate the genomes of both positive (+)
and negative (−) sense RNA viruses allowed researchers to harness these genomes for …

The control and prevention of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections has provided
substantial challenges. Viral genetic variation, persistent infections, and viral tropism for …

Vaccination is widely regarded as a cornerstone in animal or herd health and infectious
disease management. Nineteen vaccines against the major pathogens implicated in bovine …

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a significant immunosuppressive pathogen that has a
major impact on the global cattle industry. Research efforts are currently focused on the …