The proliferation of 5G heterogeneous networks has significantly increased the number of
base stations and user equipments (UEs), leading to heightened wireless interference …

With the development of 5G technologies and the implementation of EN-DC architecture in
heterogeneous networks, managing Physical Cell Identity (PCI) has become increasingly …

Wireless interference seriously affects the quality of service in mobile communication
networks, and PCI planning and optimization is an effective method to reduce interference in …

The growth of mobile data traffic has led to the use of dense and heterogeneous networks
with small cells in 4G and 5G. To manage such networks, dynamic and automated solutions …

The evolution of communication networks has made network system increasingly enormous
and complex in recent years. Inter-cell interference (ICI) in the denser network will degrade …

The growth of mobile data traffic has led to the use of dense and heterogeneous networks
with small cells in 4G and 5G. To manage such networks, dynamic and automated solutions …

Wireless networks are a very complex and dynamic environment that requires proper
management to optimise its performance. With a tremendous increase in the number of user …

This paper presents a Comparative Analysis of four available Physical Cell Identity (PCI) self-
distribution algorithms for Self Organizing Network (SON). The PCI is used to identify …