Dyskinesias encompass a variety of different hyperkinetic phenomenologies, particularly
chorea, dystonia, stereotypies, and akathisia. Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is one of …

Neurotransmitters other than dopamine are recognized as having modulatory roles within
the basal ganglia and can influence the basal ganglia dopaminergic system to alter activity …

Biased agonism describes the ability of ligands to stabilize different conformations of a
GPCR linked to distinct functional outcomes and offers the prospect of designing pathway …

The causes of neurodegenerative disorders are multiple, and for most of them a mechanistic
understanding is still lacking. However, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer …

Background Factors contributing to subjective fatigue in people with idiopathic Parkinson's
disease (PD) are not well known. This makes it difficult to manage fatigue effectively in PD …

Introduction: According to the definition of the Committee to Identify Neuroprotective Agents
in Parkinson's Disease (CINAPS),“neuroprotection would be any intervention that favourably …

Purpose To investigate the comparative effectiveness of dopamine agonists and
monoamine oxidase type-B (MAO-B) inhibitors available for treatment of Parkinson's …

Background Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by influenza A and B viruses.
Complications may occur, especially among children and the elderly. Objectives To assess …

Background: Parkinson disease (PD) was considered as the 2nd most prevalent
neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer disease, while depression is a prevailing …

Introduction: Prolonged administration of l-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l–DOPA) for
Parkinson's disease (PD) is hampered by motor complications related to the progressive …