Communication between the periphery and the brain is key for maintaining energy
homeostasis. To do so, peripheral signals from the circulation reach the brain via the …

Although the central nervous system (CNS) and immune system were regarded as
independent entities, it is now clear that immune system cells can influence the CNS, and …

Objective Ghrelin is a potent orexigenic hormone, and the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA)
has been suggested as a putative target mediating ghrelin's effects on food intake. Here, we …

The gastrointestinal hormones ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) have opposite
secretion patterns, as well as opposite effects on metabolism and food intake. Beyond their …

As allosteric complexes, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) respond to extracellular
stimuli and pleiotropically couple to intracellular transducers to elicit signaling pathway …

Ghrelin and nesfatin-1 are enteroendocrine peptide hormones expressed in rat X/A-like and
human P/D1cells of the gastric mucosa. Besides their effect on food intake, both peptides …

The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and the cannabinoid receptor type 1
(CB1R) are G-protein coupled receptors highly expressed in the brain and involved in …

Two of the molecular families closely associated with mediating communication between the
brain and immune system are cytokines and the kynurenine metabolites of tryptophan. Both …

The hormone ghrelin displays several well-characterized functions, including some with
pharmaceutical interest. The receptor for ghrelin, the growth hormone secretagogue …

Introduction: Ghrelin regulates a variety of functions by acting in the brain. The targets of
ghrelin in the mouse brain have been mainly mapped using immunolabeling against c-Fos …