Over 20 years ago, the synaptic protein α-synuclein was identified as the primary component
of the Lewy bodies (LBs) that are a sine qua non of Parkinson's disease (PD). Since that …

Parkinson disease (PD) follows a defined clinical pattern, and a range of nonmotor
symptoms precede the motor phase. The predominant early nonmotor manifestations are …

Gastrointestinal symptoms and gut dysbiosis may occur before the onset of motor symptoms
in Parkinson's disease (PD). Prediagnostic and prodromal features, such as constipation …

Background: Non‐motor symptoms are detrimental to health‐related quality of life (HRQoL)
of Parkinson's disease patients. In this study, the Non‐Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) was …

Several studies, including work from the Parkinson's disease (PD) non-motor group and
others, have established that the non-motor symptoms of PD are common, occur across all …

We performed a multicenter survey using a semistructured interview in 1,072 consecutive
patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) enrolled during 12 months in 55 Italian centers to …

Dysphagia is a potentially harmful feature, also in Parkinson's disease (PD). As published
prevalence rates vary widely, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of oropharyngeal …

Objective: Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) are common in patients with established Parkinson
disease (PD) but their frequency in early PD has not been extensively studied. Our aim was …

Depression occurs in around 35% of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and is often
persistent. Symptoms of depression can be evident in individuals at the time of diagnosis …

The clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease rests on the identification of the characteristics
related to dopamine deficiency that are a consequence of degeneration of the substantia …