Nanoparticles (NPs) have been found to be potential targeted and controlled release drug
delivery systems. Various drugs can be loaded in the NPs to achieve targeted delivery …

Nanotechnology refers to the control, manipulation, study and manufacture of structures and
devices at the nanometer size range. The small size, customized surface, improved solubility …

Introduction: Topical administration is the favored route for local delivery of therapeutic
agents due to its convenience and affordability. The specific challenge of designing a …

An optimal host–microbiota interaction in the human vagina governs the reproductive health
status of a woman. The marked depletion in the beneficial Lactobacillus sp. increases the …

The vaginal delivery of various drugs is well described and its relevance established in
current medical practice. Alongside recent advances and achievements in the fields of …

Alginates (ALG) have been used in biomedical and pharmaceutical technologies for
decades. ALG are natural polymers occurring in brown algae and feature multiple …

Vaginal drug delivery is regarded as a promising route against women-related health issues
such as unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. However, only a very …

Subcutaneous and pulmonary insulin is associated with medical and pharmaceutical
complications. Oral insulin mimics physiological glucose regulation with reduced …

Mucosal tissue constitutes the largest interface between the body and the external
environment, regulating the entry of pathogens, particles, and molecules. Mucosal …

Recent studies regarding mucosal drug delivery indicate that nanosystems with surface-
available polyethylene glycol (PEG) are able to penetrate mucus barrier, assure closer …