Horizontal cells (HCs) are inhibitory interneurons of the vertebrate retina. Unlike typical
neurons, HCs are chronically depolarized in the dark, leading to a constant influx of Ca2+ …

Rationale Performance of cognitive tasks in nonhuman primates (NHPs) requires specific
brain regions to make decisions under different degrees of difficulty or “cognitive load.” …

We examined the contribution of calcium‐induced calcium release (CICR) to synaptic
transmission from rod photoreceptor terminals. Whole‐cell recording and confocal calcium …

Central neurons of the common goldfish (Carassius auratus) are exceptional in their
capacity to survive Ca 2+-induced excitotoxicity and cell death during hypoxia. Horizontal …

Horizontal cells (HCs) are interneurons of the outer retina that undergo graded changes in
membrane potential during the light response and provide feedback to photoreceptors. We …

Fura-2 fluorescent calcium imaging was used for analyzing the subtype of AMPA receptors
in freshly dissociated horizontal cells of carp retina. Exogenous application of AMPA …

Intracellular calcium concentration changes initiated by N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors
were studied in carp retinal horizontal cells. Fura-2 fluorescent calcium imaging showed that …

The mechanisms of release, depletion, and refilling of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+
were investigated in type I horizontal cells of the carp retina using a fluo-3-based Ca2+ …

It was demonstrated in our recent study that Zn2+ had dual effects on Ca2+-permeable
AMPA receptors on carp retinal horizontal cells. However, the possible mechanism (s) …

Ca2+-permeable and Ca2+-impermeable AMPA receptors are co-expressed on carp retinal
horizontal cells. In the present study, we examined the synaptic contribution and Zn2+ …