A molecular motor is made of either a single macromolecule or a macromolecular complex.
Just like their macroscopic counterparts, molecular motors “transduce” input energy into …

The assembly of a branched network of actin filaments provides the mechanical propulsion
that drives a range of dynamic cellular processes, including cell motility. The Arp2/3 complex …

Single-celled cotton fiber (Gossypium hirsutum) provides a unique experimental system to
study cell elongation. To investigate the role of the actin cytoskeleton during fiber …

Cortical microtubules have long been hypothesized to regulate the oriented deposition of
cellulose microfibrils. However, the molecular mechanisms of how microtubules direct the …

Abstract A phospholipase D (PLD) was shown recently to decorate microtubules in plant
cells. Therefore, we used tobacco BY-2 cells expressing the microtubule reporter GFP-MAP4 …

Abstract ACTIN-RELATED PROTEINS 2 and 3 form the major subunits of the ARP2/3
complex, which is known as an important regulator of actin organization in diverse …

For nearly 150 years, it has been recognized that cell shape strongly influences the
orientation of the mitotic cleavage plane (eg, Hofmeister, 1863). However, we still …

Fruit morphology is an important agronomical trait of many crops. Here, we identify Sly‐
miR159 as an important regulator of fruit morphology in tomato, a model species of fleshy …

At the onset of mitosis, plant cells form a microtubular preprophase band that defines the
plane of cell division, but the mechanism of its formation remains a mystery. Here, we …

Plants are sessile and unable to avoid environmental stresses, such as drought, high
temperature, and high salinity, which often limit the overall plant growth. Plants have evolved …