Preterm infants are exposed to frequent painful procedures and agitating stimuli over the
many weeks of their hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The adverse …

Routine assessment and management of neonatal pain has evolved to become an
important therapeutic goal in the twenty-first century. During the twentieth century, however …

Context Effective strategies to improve pain management in neonates require a clear
understanding of the epidemiology and management of procedural pain. Objective To report …

Procedural pain in the neonatal intensive care unit triggers a cascade of physiological,
behavioral and hormonal disruptions which may contribute to altered neurodevelopment in …

Background Altered brain development is evident in children born very preterm (24–32
weeks gestational age), including reduction in gray and white matter volumes, and thinner …

Objective: To study whether new pharmacological and nonpharmacological guidelines
lowered numbers of painful procedures in neonates and changed the amount and frequency …

Infants born preterm (< 37 weeks of gestation) are particularly vulnerable to procedural
stress and pain exposure during neonatal intensive care, at a time of rapid and complex …

Background Opioid analgesia is commonly used during neonatal intensive care. We
undertook the Neurologic Outcomes and Pre-emptive Analgesia in Neonates (NEOPAIN) …

Importance Interventions to reduce severe brain injury risk are the prime focus in neonatal
clinical trials. Objective To evaluate multiple perinatal interventions across clinical settings …

While animal studies suggest that neonatal pain experiences induce long-term alterations in
pain sensitivity, no such data exist in humans. Changes in pain sensitivity in school-aged …