Despite a growing body of evidence, the distinct contributions of biological sex and the
sociocultural dimension of gender to the manifestations and outcomes of ischaemic heart …

The prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders in both women and men has increased
worldwide and is linked to a rise in obesity and obesity-associated associated clustering of …

Epidemiologic studies have previously suggested that premenopausal females have
reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) when compared to age-matched males …

Major differences between men and women exist in epidemiology, manifestation,
pathophysiology, treatment, and outcome of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as …

In the vast majority of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), there are well-described differences
between women and men in epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, effects …

Biological sex is an important modifier of physiology and influences pathobiology in many
diseases. While heart disease is the number one cause of death worldwide in both men and …

Myocardial fibrosis is a remodeling process of the extracellular matrix (ECM) following
cardiac stress.“Replacement fibrosis” is a term used to describe wound healing in the acute …

Inflammation not only plays a crucial role in acute ischemic cardiac injury, but also
contributes to post-infarction repair and remodeling. Traditionally, neutrophils have been …

Heart failure (HF) is a complex condition affecting> 40 million people worldwide. It is defined
by failure of the heart to pump (HF with reduced ejection fraction) or by the failure of the …

Hypertension (HTN) is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) events, target organ
damage (TOD), premature death and disability worldwide. The pathophysiology of HTN is …