Executive summary The health of the planet and its people are at risk. The deterioration of
the global commons—ie, the natural systems that support life on Earth—is exacerbating …

Soils are the foundation of all terrestrial ecosystems. However, unlike for plants and animals,
a global assessment of hotspots for soil nature conservation is still lacking. This hampers our …

As part of the Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (K‐M GBF), signatory
nations of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aim to protect at least 30% of the …

Despite decades of increasing investment in conservation, we have not succeeded in"
bending the curve" of biodiversity decline. Efforts to meet new targets and goals for the next …

Four years after the EAT-Lancet landmark report, worldwide movements call for action to
reorient food systems to healthy diets that respect planetary boundaries. Since dietary habits …

When are protected areas drivers of environmental injustices and conflict, and under which
circumstances may they support customary users in protecting their lands and livelihoods …

Area-based conservation, particularly of protected areas, is the primary approach used
globally to address biodiversity decline and currently covers 8% of the world's oceans and …

Forest landscape restoration has emerged as a key strategy to sequester atmospheric
carbon and conserve biodiversity while providing livelihood co-benefits for indigenous …

Protected areas are the cornerstones of conservation efforts to mitigate the anthropogenic
pressures driving biodiversity loss. Nations aim to protect 30% of Earth's land and water by …

Global conservation policies have long used area-based targets to mobilize expansion of
protected areas. Despite the uneven distribution of biodiversity, different countries often …