The human insular cortex forms a distinct, but entirely hidden lobe, situated in the depth of
the Sylvian fissure. Here, we first review the recent literature on the connectivity and the …

The progress made in understanding the insula in the decade following an earlier review
(Augustine, Neurol. Res., 7 (1985) 2–10) is examined in this review. In these ten years …

This article addresses the neuroanatomical evidence for a progression of integrative
representations of affective feelings from the body that lead to an ultimate representation of …

HUMAN speech requires complex planning and coordination of mouth and tongue
movements. Certain types of brain injury can lead to a condition known as apraxia of …

Watching the movie scene in which a tarantula crawls on James Bond's chest can make us
literally shiver—as if the spider crawled on our own chest. What neural mechanisms are …

Background Cluster headache, one of the most severe pain syndromes in human beings, is
usually described as a vascular headache. However, the striking circadian rhythmicity of this …

MR-based brain imaging technologies provide a suite of functional and structural metrics
that can be used to test hypotheses about the CNS mechanisms underlying pain perception …

Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are sounds of cochlear origin, which can be recorded by a
microphone fitted into the ear canal. They are caused by the motion of the cochlea's sensory …

Primary headache syndromes, such as cluster headache and migraine, are widely
described as vascular headaches, although considerable clinical evidence suggests that …

We investigated neural correlates of human visual orienting using event-related functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). When subjects voluntarily directed attention to a …