Once damaged, articular cartilage has a limited potential to repair. Clinically, a repair tissue
is formed, yet, it is often mechanically inferior fibrocartilage. The use of monolayer expanded …

The osteochondral defect repair has been most extensively studied due to the rising
demand for new therapies to diseases such as osteoarthritis. Tissue engineering has been …

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress damage are hallmarks of osteoarthritis (OA).
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes are important in intercellular mitochondria …

Recent advances in 3D cell culture technology have enabled scientists to generate stem cell
derived organoids that recapitulate the structural and functional characteristics of native …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common musculoskeletal diseases, caused by cellular
inflammatory responses and subsequent structural disruption in osteochondral extracellular …

Decellularized matrix (dECM) is isolated extracellular matrix of tissues from its original
inhabiting cells, which has emerged as a promising natural biomaterial for tissue …

Exosomes, as natural nanocarriers, characterized with low immunogenicity, non-cytotoxicity
and targeted delivery capability, which have advantages over synthetic nanocarriers …

Clinical treatments for the repair of osteochondral defects (OCD) are merely palliative, not
completely curative, and thus enormously unfulfilled challenges. With the in‐depth studies of …

Focal articular cartilage (AC) defects, if left untreated, can lead to debilitating diseases such
as osteoarthritis. While several tissue engineering strategies have been developed to …

Articular cartilage is a remarkable tissue whose sophisticated composition and architecture
allow it to withstand complex stresses within the joint. Once injured, cartilage lacks the …