Regulatory enzymes often have different roles in distinct subcellular compartments. Yet,
most drugs indiscriminately saturate the cell. Thus, subcellular drug-delivery holds promise …

Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) catalyze the conversion of ATP to the ubiquitous second
messenger cAMP. Mammals possess nine isoforms of transmembrane ACs, dubbed AC1–9 …

3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) mediates the effects of sympathetic
stimulation on the rate and strength of cardiac contraction. Beyond this pivotal role, in …

Under physiological conditions, cAMP signaling plays a key role in the regulation of cardiac
function. Activation of this intracellular signaling pathway mirrors cardiomyocyte adaptation …

Abstract Adenylyl cyclase 9 (AC9) is a membrane-bound enzyme that converts ATP into
cAMP. The enzyme is weakly activated by forskolin, fully activated by the G protein Gαs …

Enzymes are proteins that catalyse chemical reactions and, as such, have been widely used
to facilitate a variety of natural and industrial processes, dating back to ancient times. In fact …

Activation of different receptors that act by generating the common second messenger cyclic
adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can elicit distinct functional responses in cardiac …

In the last 30 years, the field of cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate (cAMP) signalling
has witnessed a transformative development with the realization that cAMP is …

Obesity is linked to an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) via increased oxidative stress.
While NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), a major source of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen …

The establishment of macromolecular complexes by scaffolding proteins is key to the local
production of cAMP by anchored adenylyl cyclase (AC) and the subsequent cAMP signaling …