Context. Young massive stellar clusters are extreme environments and potentially provide
the means for efficient particle acceleration. Indeed, they are increasingly considered as …

Young massive star clusters inhabit regions of star formation and play an essential role in
the galactic evolution. They are sources of both thermal and non-thermal radiation, and are …

Observations of the Milky Way at TeV–PeV energies reveal a bright diffuse flux of hadronic
cosmic rays and also bright point sources of gamma rays. If the gamma-ray sources are …

Context. Very-high-energy gamma-ray observations of the Galactic center (GC) show
extended emission that is strongly correlated with the morphology of the central molecular …

Context. Young massive star clusters (YMCs) have increasingly become the focus of
discussions on the origin of galactic cosmic rays (CRs). The proposition that CRs are …

We present the results of current observations of the young compact cluster of massive stars
Westerlund 2 (Wd2) with the Mikhail Pavlinsky ART-XC telescope aboard the Spectrum …

Context. The cosmic-ray ionization rate (ζ 2) is one of the key parameters in star formation,
since it regulates the chemical and dynamical evolution of molecular clouds by ionizing …

We analyse the GeV γ-ray emission from the W3 complex using about 14 years of Pass 8
data recorded by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT). We resolve the γ-ray …

We show that massive, young star clusters may be possible candidates that can accelerate
Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) in the range of 10 7–10 9 GeV (between the" knee" and" ankle") …

Context. The cosmic-ray ionization rate (ζ2) is one of the key parameters in star formation,
since it regulates the chemical and dynamical evolution of molecular clouds by ionizing …