Background: Toxic volatile organic compounds (VOC), like benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene
and xylenes (BTEX), are atmospheric pollutants representing a threat to human health. They …

Poor indoor air quality has become of particular concern within the built environment due to
the time people spend indoors, and the associated health burden. Volatile organic …

Thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) of educational buildings can affect students'
academic performance and well-being and are closely related to ventilation energy …

Human civilization is currently facing two particular challenges: population growth with a
strong trend towards urbanization and climate change. The latter is now no longer seriously …

Indoor air quality (IAQ) in educational facilities is crucial due to the extended time students
spend in those environments, affecting their health, academic performance, and attendance …

Indoor environments contribute significantly to total human exposure to air pollutants, as
people spend most of their time indoors. Household air pollution (HAP) resulting from …

Numerous acids and bases influence indoor air quality. The most abundant of these species
are CO2 (acidic) and NH3 (basic), both emitted by building occupants. Other prominent …

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds, notably benzene, pose
health risks, necessitating monitoring and mitigation strategies. Anthropogenic and natural …

This study aims to determine the composition of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and
xylene) and assess the risk to health at different sites in Malaysia. Continuous monitoring of …

Studies have proved that outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) has adverse health effects for
people. Nowadays, most people spend much more time indoors than outdoors, and the …