Feeding intolerance and the development of ileus is a common complication affecting
critically ill, surgical, and trauma patients, resulting in prolonged intensive care unit and …

Natural polysaccharides and their metabolites' short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have attracted
much attention. Recently, they have shown great potential in attenuating systemic …

The Ficus carica polysaccharide (FCPS) components of the common fig fruit have been
demonstrated to exhibit antioxidant and immunity-enhancing activities. However, it is …

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is an inflammatory cytokine that has been linked to muscle catabolism, a
process regulated by muscle-specific E3 proteins of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. To …

Background & Aims: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a condition frequently associated
with esophagitis and motor abnormalities. Recent evidence suggests that proinflammatory …

The purpose of this research was to explore the preventive effect of an 80% ethanol extract
of Rhus chinensis Mill. fruits on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and to …

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) can damage intestinal epithelial barrier function
and lead to serious intestinal diarrhea in newborns and young animals. Sodium humate …

The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) plays an important role both in stimulus-reward
learning for the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse and in environmental condition-induced …

Tachykinins (TKs), substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and B (NKB) are important peptide
modulators of intestinal motility in animal species studied so far, including humans …

In the United States, over three million adults suffer from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
The gut microbiome, host immune response, and nutrient-microbial interactions are known …