Recent developments in frequency metrology and optical clocks have been based on
electronic transitions in atoms and singly charged ions as references. The control over all …

Laser-produced transient tin plasmas are the sources of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light at
13.5 nm wavelength for next-generation nanolithography, enabling the continued …

Highly charged ions (HCIs) constitute a large class of atomic systems since each element
has as many ionization states as it has protons—in a sense, this extends the periodic table …

An experimental study of laser-produced plasmas is performed by irradiating a planar tin
target by laser pulses, of 4.8 ns duration, produced from a KTP-based 2-µm-wavelength …

The propulsion of a liquid indium-tin microdroplet by nanosecond-pulse laser impact is
experimentally investigated. We capture the physics of the droplet propulsion in a scaling …

Plasma produced from molten-tin microdroplets generates extreme ultraviolet light for state-
of-the-art nanolithography. Currently, CO 2 lasers are used to drive the plasma. In the future …

We studied Extreme Ultra-Violet (EUV) emission characteristics of the 13.5 nm wavelength
from CO_2 laser-irradiated pre-formed tin plasmas using 2D radiation hydrodynamic …

Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) has been demonstrated to meet the industrial
requirements of new-generation semiconductor fabrication. The development of high-power …

We experimentally and numerically investigate the early-time hydrodynamic response of tin
microdroplets driven by a ns-laser-induced plasma. Experimentally, we use stroboscopic …

We present the results of a joint experimental and theoretical study of plasma expansion
arising from Nd: YAG laser ablation (laser wavelength λ= 1.064 μm) of tin microdroplets in …