Background Killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccines (kOCVs) are becoming a standard
cholera control and prevention tool. However, vaccine efficacy and direct effectiveness …

Background Cholera surveillance relies on clinical diagnosis of acute watery diarrhea.
Suspected cholera case definitions have high sensitivity but low specificity, challenging our …

Background Efficacy and safety of a two-dose regimen of bivalent killed whole-cell oral
cholera vaccine (Shantha Biotechnics, Hyderabad, India) to 3 years is established, but long …

Background Official projections of the cholera epidemic in Haiti have not incorporated
existing disease trends or patterns of transmission, and proposed interventions have been …

Background Oral cholera vaccines consisting of killed whole cells have been available for
many years, but they have not been used extensively in populations with endemic disease …

Although measuring vaccine efficacy through the conventional phase III study design,
randomized, double-blinded controlled trial serves as the “gold standard”, effectiveness …

Beyond host genetics, the environment determines microbiota-immunity interactions. Most
recent studies have focused on the interconnections between micronutrients, microbial and …

The paper challenges the conventional wisdom that water and sanitation improvements and
other preventive health interventions are always a wise economic investment. Costs and …

Cholera, a diarrheal disease primarily affecting vulnerable populations in developing
countries, is estimated to cause disease in more than 2.5 million people and kill almost …

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most common bacterial cause of diarrhoea in
the world, annually affecting up to 400,000,000 children under 5 years of age living in …