Although immunotherapy research to date has focused largely on T cells, there is mounting
evidence that tumour-infiltrating B cells and plasma cells (collectively referred to as tumour …

Several mechanisms and cell types are involved in the regulation of the immune response.
These include mostly regulatory T cells (Tregs), regulatory macrophages (Mregs), myeloid …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a heterogeneous, complex organization composed of
tumor, stroma, and endothelial cells that is characterized by cross talk between tumor and …

Inflammation predisposes to the development of cancer and promotes all stages of
tumorigenesis. Cancer cells, as well as surrounding stromal and inflammatory cells, engage …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma carries a dismal prognosis, and outcomes have
improved little with modern therapeutics. Checkpoint-based immunotherapy has failed to …

Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is most aggressive among all
gastrointestinal tumors. The complex intra-tumor heterogeneity and special tumor …

Our understanding of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is rapidly expanding beyond T cell-
centric perspectives to include B cells and plasma cells, collectively referred to as TIL-Bs. In …

Tumorigenesis proceeds through discrete steps where acquisition of genetic lesions and
changes in the surrounding microenvironment combine to drive unrestricted neoplastic …

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are known to be critical in controlling tumor progression.
While the role of T lymphocytes has been extensively studied, the function of B cells in this …

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopic cellular aggregates that resemble secondary
lymphoid organs in their composition and structural organization. In contrast to secondary …