This paper introduces a new IV strategy based on IVF (in vitro fertilization) induced fertility
variation among childless women to estimate the causal effect of having children on their …

We estimate the short-and long-run labor market impacts of parenthood in a developing
country, Chile, based on an event-study approach around the birth of the first child. We find …

This paper estimates the effects of motherhood timing on female career path, using
biological fertility shocks to instrument for age at first birth. Motherhood delay leads to a …

Previous research focuses on factors that influence self-employment participation, in part
because entrepreneurship has been associated with economic growth. This literature has …

This paper evaluates the financial and economic consequences of being denied an
abortion. We link credit report data to the Turnaway Study, which collected high-quality …

We estimate the effect of family size on various measures of labor market outcomes over the
whole career until retirement, using instrumental variables estimation in data from …

By Jorge M. Agüero and Mindy S. Marks* causal relationship between the number of
children and female labor supply. Examples of this approach include twins at first birth …

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Using a compiled data set of 441 censuses and surveys from between 1787 and 2015,
representing 103 countries and 51.4 million mothers, we find that:(i) the effect of fertility on …

Childbearing decisions are not made in isolation. They are taken in concert with decisions
regarding work, marriage, health investments and stocks, as well as many other observable …