Inspired by physically adaptive, agile, reconfigurable and multifunctional soft-bodied
animals and human muscles, soft actuators have been developed for a variety of …

Manipulation and navigation of micro and nanoswimmers in different fluid environments can
be achieved by chemicals, external fields, or even motile cells. Many researchers have …

Abstract Micro‐/nanorobots (m‐bots) have attracted significant interest due to their suitability
for applications in biomedical engineering and environmental remediation. Particularly, their …

Bacteria are one of the main groups of organisms, which dynamically and closely participate
in human health and disease development. With the integration of chemical biotechnology …

Increasing attention has been paid to the diseases of central nervous system (CNS). The
penetration efficiency of most CNS drugs into the brain parenchyma is rather limited due to …

Untethered small-scale machines (USSMs) that can actively adjust their motion,
deformation, and collective states in response to external stimuli have gained enormous …

Stimuli-responsive functional micro-/nanorobots (srFM/Ns) are a class of intelligent, efficient,
and promising microrobots that can react to external stimuli (such as temperature, light …

Abstract Two‐dimensional (2D) MXenes, as a new 2D functional material nanosystem, have
been extensively explored for broad applications. However, their specific performance and …

Actuation is essential for artificial machines to interact with their surrounding environment
and to accomplish the functions for which they are designed. Over the past few decades …

After the tremendous advances over the past two decades, micro‐/nanorobots can
effectively convert other forms of energy into propulsion and movement, as well as be …