Genetic predisposition to multiple sclerosis (MS) only explains a fraction of the disease risk;
lifestyle and environmental factors are key contributors to the risk of MS. Importantly, these …

Light and optical techniques have made profound impacts on modern medicine, with
numerous lasers and optical devices currently being used in clinical practice to assess …

The skin, a self-regulating protective barrier organ, is empowered with sensory and
computing capabilities to counteract the environmental stressors to maintain and restore …

Humans evolved in sunlight and had depended on sunlight for its life giving properties that
was appreciated by our early ancestors. However, for more than 40 years the lay press and …

Importance It remains unclear whether vitamin D insufficiency, which is common in
individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), has an adverse effect on MS outcomes. Objectives …

Melatonin production is highly conserved in nature through different species including
bacteria, unicellular eukaryotes, algae, plants invertebrates, and vertebrates (Hardeland et …

Non-classical actions of vitamin D were first suggested over 30 years ago when receptors for
the active form of vitamin D, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1, 25 (OH) 2D3), were detected in …

Lifestyle and environmental factors potently influence the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS),
because genetic predisposition only explains a fraction of the risk increase. There is strong …

The discovery of the vitamin D endocrine system and a receptor for the hormonal form, 1α,
25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, has brought a new understanding of the relationship between …

The discovery of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) or CRH defining the upper regulatory
arm of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, along with the identification of the …