Parasitic helminths excrete or secrete (ES) a variety of molecules into their mammalian
hosts. The effects of these ES products on the host's immune responses are reviewed …

This paper proposes that the mammalian immune response known as" allergy" evolved as a
last line of defense against the extensive array of toxic substances that exist in the …

Innate nonself recognition must rely on common structures of invading microbes. In a
differential display screen for up-regulated immune genes in the moth Trichoplusia ni we …

The secretome of a parasite in its definitive host can be considered to be its genome in trans,
to the extent that secreted products encoded by the parasite fulfill their function in the host …

Helminth parasites have large genomes (~ 108 bp) which are likely to encode a spectrum of
products able to block or divert the host immune response. We have employed three parallel …

The parasite antigens of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst fluid have been
characterised using the techniques of radioiodination, immunoprecipitation, SDS-PAGE, and …

Filarial nematodes are metazoan parasites with genome sizes openface> 100 million base
pairs, probably encoding 15 000‐20 000 genes. Within this considerable gene complement …

Human filarial infections afflict over 150 million persons worldwide and are major causes of
morbidity in many developing countries. Onchocerca volvulus infection is a leading …

Understanding the basic immunology of an infectious disease requires insight into the
pattern of T cell reactivity and specificity. Although lymphatic filariasis is a major tropical …

A set of cross‐reactive antigens is described which are present in somatic extracts and in‐
vitro secretions of the filarial nematodes Brugia pahangi and B. malayi. A monoclonal …