Mitochondria are fascinating structures of the cellular compartments that generate energy to
run the cells. However, inherent disorders of mitochondria due to diabetes can cause major …

Diabetic neuropathic osteoarthropathy (DNOAP) is an uncommon, but with considerable
morbidity and mortality rates, complication of diabetes. The real pathogenesis is still unclear …

Diabetes is known to exacerbate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Here, we
investigated the effects of Clostridium butyricum on cerebral I/R injury in the diabetic mice …

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition associated with high levels of blood glucose which
leads to serious damage to the heart, kidney, eyes, and nerves. Elevated blood glucose …

Aims Our aim was to examine thiol/disulfide homeostasis, which has a critical role in many
cellular activities such as antioxidant protection, detoxification, cell growth and apoptosis, in …

Growing evidences suggest that excess generation of highly reactive free oxygen/nitrogen
radicals (ROS/RNS) are largely due to hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress. Further …

Diabetes is a systemic disease mainly characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and with
extensive and long-lasting spiteful complications in central nervous systems (CNS) …

Astrocytes are dynamic cells that maintain brain homeostasis by regulating neurotransmitter
systems, antioxidant defenses, inflammatory responses and energy metabolism. Astroglial …

Aldose reductase (AR) is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic eye diseases,
including cataract and retinopathy. However, not all diabetics develop ocular complications …

Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction, referred as “diabetic encephalopathy”, has been
confirmed in a great deal of literature. Current evidence support that oxidative stress …