Ordinal models can be seen as being composed from simpler, in particular binary models.
This view on ordinal models allows to derive a taxonomy of models that includes basic …

It is essential to control self-reported trait measurements for response style effects to ensure
a valid interpretation of estimates. Traditional psychometric models facilitating such control …

A large variety of item response theory (IRT) modeling approaches aim at measuring and
correcting for response styles in rating data. Here, we integrate response style models of the …

Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) can effectively facilitate student assessment by
dynamically selecting questions on the basis of learner knowledge and item difficulty …

Questionnaires are by far the most common tool for measuring noncognitive constructs in
psychology and educational sciences. Response bias may pose an additional source of …

To improve the validity of self-report measures, researchers should control for response style
(RS) effects, which can be achieved with IRTree models. A traditional IRTree model …

Ambulatory assessment (AA) is becoming an increasingly popular research method in the
fields of psychology and life science. Nevertheless, knowledge about the effects that design …

Test items for which the item score reflects a sequential or IRTree modeling outcome are
considered. For such items, we argue that item-specific factors, although not empirically …

Item response tree (IRTree) models are a flexible framework to control self-reported trait
measurements for response styles. To this end, IRTree models decompose the responses to …

IR-tree models assume that categorical item responses can best be explained by multiple
response processes. In the present article, guidelines are provided for the development and …