Abstract Calcium–calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is the most
abundant protein in excitatory synapses and is central to synaptic plasticity, learning and …

The actions of neuromodulation are thought to mediate the ability of the mammalian brain to
dynamically adjust its functional state in response to changes in the environment. Altered …

Calcium imaging with protein-based indicators, is widely used to follow neural activity in
intact nervous systems, but current protein sensors report neural activity at timescales much …

Fluorescent calcium sensors are widely used to image neural activity. Using structure-based
mutagenesis and neuron-based screening, we developed a family of ultrasensitive protein …

Calcium ions generate versatile intracellular signals that control key functions in all types of
neurons. Imaging calcium in neurons is particularly important because calcium signals exert …

Long-term potentiation and long-term depression (LTP/LTD) can be elicited by activating N-
methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors, typically by the coincident activity of …

Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic strength occurs during learning and can last for
long periods, making it a probable mechanism for memory storage. LTP induction results in …

The introduction of high-resolution time lapse imaging and molecular biological tools has
changed dramatically the rate of progress towards the understanding of the complex …

Calcium ions (Ca 2+) impact nearly every aspect of cellular life. This review examines the
principles of Ca 2+ signaling, from changes in protein conformations driven by Ca 2+ to the …

Calcium imaging has transformed neuroscience research by providing a methodology for
monitoring the activity of neural circuits with single-cell resolution. However, calcium …