Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, and thus there remains great
interest in regenerative approaches to treat heart failure. In the past 20 years, the field of …

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological process necessary to normal
embryologic development. However in genesis of pathological situations, this transition can …

Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A metabolite that acts as a morphogen and teratogen. Excess
or defective RA signaling causes developmental defects including in the heart. The heart …

Germ layer formation is among the earliest differentiation events in metazoan embryos. In
triploblasts, three germ layers are formed, among which the endoderm gives rise to the …

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a common problem that complicates pregnancy. Several drugs
are considered acceptable for use during pregnancy, although none have been classified as …

The progress of molecular genetics has enabled us to identify the genes responsible for
congenital heart malformations. However, recent studies suggest that congenital heart …

Aims The proliferative potential of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes is limited,
and reasonable yields for novel therapeutic options have yet to be achieved. In addition …

Abnormal heart development causes various congenital heart defects. Recent
cardiovascular biology studies have elucidated the morphological mechanisms involved in …

The primordia of valves and the atrioventricular septum arise from endocardial cushion
tissue that is formed in the outflow tract (OFT) and in the atrioventricular (AV) regions during …

The formal genesis of the great arteries continues to be controversial due to the lack of
consensus of septation of the developing outflow tract. In order to make it clear how the great …