Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the
mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate …

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), early synaptic dysfunction is associated with the increased
oligomeric amyloid-beta peptide, which causes NMDAR-dependent synaptic depression …

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), attracted by the chemokine CXCL12,
reside in specific niches in the bone marrow (BM). HSPC migration out of the BM is a critical …

Glutamate occupies a central position in amino acid metabolism in plants. The acidic amino
acid is formed by the action of glutamate synthase, utilizing glutamine and 2-oxoglutarate …

The major event that triggers osteogenesis is the transition of mesenchymal stem cells into
bone forming, differentiating osteoblast cells. Osteoblast differentiation is the primary …

Glutamate serves as the dominant central nervous system (CNS) excitatory neurotransmitter,
in part by activating N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). While the structure, function …

This review compares the biological and physiological function of Sigma receptors [σRs] and
their potential therapeutic roles. Sigma receptors are widespread in the central nervous …

Tryptophan catabolism through the kynurenine pathway generates a variety of bioactive
metabolites. Physical exercise can modulate kynurenine pathway metabolism in skeletal …

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are the two major bone cells involved in the bone remodeling
process. Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation while osteoclasts are the bone …

The hypothesis that l‐glutamate (Glu) is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter in the
mammalian central nervous system is now gaining more support after the successful cloning …