The aim of this ESC Guideline is to help health professionals manage people with heart
failure (HF) according to the best available evidence. Fortunately, we now have a wealth of …

Functional status is considered the main determinant of healthy aging. Impairment in
skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system, two interrelated systems, results in …

Abstract Document Reviewers: Rudolf A. de Boer (CPG Review Coordinator)(Netherlands),
P. Christian Schulze (CPG Review Coordinator)(Germany), Magdy Abdelhamid (Egypt) …

Background: Frailty may modify the risk− benefit profile of certain treatments, and frail
patients may have reduced tolerance to treatments. Objective: To investigate the efficacy of …

Background: Frailty is increasing in prevalence. Because patients with frailty are often
perceived to have a less favorable risk/benefit profile, they may be less likely to receive new …

Frailty can be viewed as a state of physiological decline that increases susceptibility to
adverse health outcomes. This loss of physiological reserve means that even small stressors …

Research about heart failure (HF) has made major progress in the last years. We give here
an update on the most recent findings. Landmark trials have established new treatments for …

In the last years, major progress occurred in heart failure (HF) management. Quadruple
therapy is now mandatory for all the patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction. Whilst …

Background Frailty is an increasingly common problem, and frail patients are less likely to
receive new pharmacologic therapies because the risk–benefit profile is perceived to be …

Sarcopenia has been established as a predictor of poor outcomes in various clinical
settings. It is particularly prevalent in heart failure, a clinical syndrome that poses significant …