Filamentous bacteriophage, long and thin filaments that are secreted from the host cells
without killing them, have been an antithesis to the standard view of head-and-tail bacterial …

Abstract Bacteriophage (“bacteria eaters”) or phage is the collective term for viruses that
infect bacteria. While most phages are pathogens that kill their bacterial hosts, the …

Bacteria have been constantly competing for nutrients and space for billions of years. During
this time, they have evolved many different molecular mechanisms by which to secrete …

Type II protein secretion systems (T2SS) are molecular machines that promote specific
transport of folded periplasmic proteins in Gram-negative bacteria, across a dedicated …

The bacterial type III secretion system, or injectisome, is a syringe shaped nanomachine
essential for the virulence of many disease causing Gram-negative bacteria. At the core of …

The type III secretion (T3S) injectisome is a specialized protein nanomachine that is critical
for the pathogenicity of many Gram-negative bacteria, including purveyors of plague, typhoid …

This review synthesizes recent and past observations on filamentous phages and describes
how these phages contribute to host phentoypes. For example, the CTXφ phage of Vibrio …

Secretins form megadalton bacterial-membrane channels in at least four sophisticated
multiprotein systems that are crucial for translocation of proteins and assembled fibers …

The type II secretion system (T2SS) is a macromolecular complex spanning the inner and
outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. Remarkably, the T2SS secretes folded …

Bacteria have evolved macromolecular machineries that secrete effectors and toxins to
survive and thrive in diverse environments. The type VI secretion system (T6 SS) is a …