There have been numerous attempts to develop non-opioid drugs for severe pain, but the
vast majority of these efforts have failed. A notable exception is Ziconotide (Prialt®) …

The sensation of cooling is essential for survival. Extreme cold is a noxious stimulus that
drives protective behaviour and that we thus perceive as pain. However, chronic pain …

Rationale Tobacco smoking is a leading preventable cause of premature death in the USA.
Menthol is a significant flavoring additive in tobacco products. Clinical evidence suggests …

The detection of ambient cold is critical for mammals, who use this information to avoid
tissue damage by cold and to maintain stable body temperature. The transduction of …

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are projection neurons that transmit the visual signal from the
retina to the brain. Their excitability and survival can be strongly influenced by mechanical …

Abstract The Federal Pain Research Strategy recommended development of nonopioid
analgesics as a top priority in its strategic plan to address the significant public health crisis …

Abstract Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a genetic disorder linked to inactivating mutations
or a homozygous deletion of the Nf1 gene, is characterized by tumorigenesis, cognitive …

Chronic pain affects the life of millions of people. Current treatments have deleterious side
effects. We have advanced a strategy for targeting protein interactions which regulate the N …

Prey shifts in carnivorous predators are events that can initiate the accelerated generation of
new biodiversity. However, it is seldom possible to reconstruct how the change in prey …

Key points Orosensory thermal trigeminal afferent neurons respond to cool, warm, and
nociceptive hot temperatures with the majority activated in the cool range. Many of these …