Captivity places various constraints on the lives of reptiles, and despite the best efforts by
caretakers, captive environments will never offer the same degree of complexity or range of …

Captive environments for snakes commonly involve small enclosures with dimensions that
prevent occupants from adopting straight line body postures. In particular, the commercial …

While clinical reptile medicine as a science is in its ascendancy among veterinary surgeons
and other interested groups, familiarity with the often related issue of reptilian behavioural …

Giving captive animals the opportunity to interact with objects in a “playful” manner is often
considered a method of environmental enrichment. However, the occurrence of play in …

The trade in, and private keeping of, reptiles as" pets" raises several ethical concerns
regarding animal welfare (associated with handling, storage, transportation, intensive …

Reptiles have been kept in captivity for many years, and knowledge of their care is always
evolving and improving. Proper husbandry is the most important factor in keeping captive …

An understanding of spatial and thermal factors, two fundamentally intertwined elements, is
essential to the health and welfare of captive reptiles; carers cannot address one without …

Reptiles are kept in diverse husbandry situations, including zoological collections, private
pet or hobby keeping, scientific and laboratory studies, quarantine, and numerous …

Simple Summary Snakes are sentient animals and should be subject to the accepted
general welfare principles of other species. However, they are also the only vertebrates …

Simple Summary Ball pythons (family Pythonidae) are a relatively small species of snake
found in west and central Africa. They are popular across the world as exotic pets …