Sex differences in longevity can provide insights into novel mechanisms of aging, yet they
have been little studied. Surprisingly, sex-specific longevity patterns are best known in wild …

Conventional sex roles imply caring females and competitive males. The evolution of sex
role divergence is widely attributed to anisogamy initiating a self‐reinforcing process. The …

In human populations, women consistently outlive men, which suggests profound biological
foundations for sex differences in survival. Quantifying whether such sex differences are also …

Women in almost all modern populations live longer than men. Research to date provides
evidence for both biological and social factors influencing this gender gap. Conditions when …

The book aims to integrate our understanding of mammalian societies into a novel synthesis
that is relevant to behavioural ecologists, ecologists, and anthropologists. It adopts a …

This chapter provides an overview of life history theory (LHT). LHT conceptualizes specific
allocation tradeoffs in terms of three broad, fundamental trade‐offs: the present‐future …

It is widely agreed that fecundity selection and sexual selection are the major evolutionary
forces that select for larger body size in most organisms. The general, equilibrium view is …

Sexual selection, through intra-male competition or female choice, is assumed to be a
source of strong and sustained directional selection in the wild,. In the presence of such …

Sex differences in aging occur in many animal species, and they include sex differences in
lifespan, in the onset and progression of age‐associated decline, and in physiological and …

In many long-lived vertebrates (including humans), adult males have shorter lifespans than
adult females, partly as a result of higher annual rates of mortality in males and partly owing …