Retinoic acid (RA) signaling plays an important role during heart development in
establishing anteroposterior polarity, formation of inflow and outflow tract progenitors, and …

The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the primary pacemaker of the mammalian heart, initiating its
electrical activation and ensuring that the heart's functional cardiac output meets …

Generating organs from stem cells through blastocyst complementation is a promising
approach to meet the clinical need for transplants. In order to generate rejection-free organs …

Rationale: The development and function of the pacemaker cardiomyocytes of the sinoatrial
node (SAN), the leading pacemaker of the heart, are tightly controlled by a conserved …

Each heartbeat is triggered by the sinoatrial node (SAN), the primary pacemaker of the
heart. Studies in animal models have revealed that pacemaker cells share a common …

Background The source of SAN is debated among researchers. Many studies have shown
that RA and Wnt signaling are involved in heart development. In this study, we investigated …

Activation of the heart normally begins in the sinoatrial node (SAN). Electrical impulses
spontaneously released by SAN pacemaker cells (SANPCs) trigger the contraction of the …

Introduction Since the discovery of the major components of the cardiac conduction system
(CCS) by the early 20th century we have seen many technological advancements that have …

Cardiac pacemaker cells located in the sinoatrial node initiate the electrical impulses that
drive rhythmic contraction of the heart. The sinoatrial node accounts for only a small …

Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common congenital abnormality, with an
overall global birth prevalence of 9.41 per 1000 live births. The etiology of CHDs is complex …