Due to global climate change, abiotic stresses are affecting plant growth, productivity, and
the quality of cultivated crops. Stressful conditions disrupt physiological activities and …

Global climate variations induce extreme temperatures and significantly decrease crop
production, leading to food insecurity worldwide. Temperature extremes (mainly cold stress …

In recent decades, many new and exciting findings have paved the way to the better
understanding of plant responses in various environmental changes. Some major areas are …

Under conditions of abiotic stress several physiological and biochemical processes in plants
can be modified. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is toxic at high …

The chloroplast has a central position in oxygenic photosynthesis and primary metabolism.
In addition to these functions, the chloroplast has recently emerged as a pivotal regulator of …

Plant hormones play a vital role in promoting growth, development and metabolism of the
plant, as well as act as a protector against various environmental stresses. In particular …

Salinity stress is one of the major environmental constraints responsible for a reduction in
agricultural productivity. This study investigated the effect of exogenously applied nitric oxide …

Salinity stress occurs due to the accumulation of high levels of salts in soil, which ultimately
leads to the impairment of plant growth and crop loss. Stress tolerance-inducing compounds …

Trehalose (Tre) is a non-reducing disaccharide found in many species, including bacteria,
fungi, invertebrates, yeast, and even plants, where it acts as an osmoprotectant, energy …

Melatonin (MT) is a pleiotropic molecule with diverse and numerous actions both in plants
and animals. In plants, MT acts as an excellent promotor of tolerance against abiotic stress …