Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV), Middle East respiratory
syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV), and the current severe acute respiratory syndrome …

Influenza viruses pose a significant threat to human health. They are responsible for a large
number of deaths annually and have a serious impact on the global economy. There are …

In the midst of the ongoing COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, influenza virus remains a
major threat to public health due to its potential to cause epidemics and pandemics with …

With technological advancements enabling globalization, the intercontinental transmission
of pathogens has become much easier. Respiratory viruses are one such group of …

Seasonal influenza, causes hundreds of thousands of deaths annually, posing a severe
threat to human health. Currently available influenza vaccines are targeted only at specific …

ABSTRACT Introduction Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) are virus-based nanocarriers that have
been studied extensively and intensively for biomedical applications. However, their clinical …

Epizootics of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) have resulted in the deaths of
millions of birds leading to huge financial losses to the poultry industry worldwide. The roles …

The A/H1N1pdm09 influenza virus, which caused the 2009 pandemic, has since become a
recurring strain in seasonal influenza outbreaks. Given the ongoing threat of influenza …

Virus-like particles (VLPs) is one of the most favourable subjects of study, especially in the
field of nanobiotechnology and vaccine development because they possess good …

Avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) pose a persistent threat to poultry industry worldwide,
despite the presence of vaccines. Additionally, reverse-zoonosis transmission potentially …