Linear accelerator-based free-electron lasers (FELs) are the leading source of fully coherent
X-rays with ultra-high peak powers and ultra-short pulse lengths. Current X-ray FEL facilities …

A new scientific frontier opened in 2009 with the start of operations of the world's first x-ray
free-electron laser (FEL), the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), at SLAC National …

The metal centres in metalloenzymes and molecular catalysts are responsible for the
rearrangement of atoms and electrons during complex chemical reactions, and they enable …

A self-seeded X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) is a promising approach to realize bright, fully
coherent free-electron laser (FEL) sources in the hard X-ray domain that have been a long …

X-ray free-electron lasers (x-ray FELs) give us for the first time the possibility to explore
structures and dynamical processes of atomic and molecular systems at the angstrom …

X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs), which amplify light emitted by a relativistic electron beam,
are extending nonlinear optical techniques to shorter wavelengths, adding element …

Intense attosecond X-ray pulses are key for ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopy and diffractive
imaging. Here we demonstrate the generation of terawatt-scale isolated attosecond pulses …

Over more than a century, X-rays have transformed our understanding of the fundamental
structure of matter and have been an indispensable tool for chemistry, physics, biology …

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) provide femtosecond X-ray pulses with a narrow energy
bandwidth and unprecedented brightness. Ultrafast physical and chemical dynamics …

This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The
aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the …