Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), a category of transmembrane receptors, have gained
significant clinical attention in oncology due to their central role in cancer pathogenesis …

Checkpoint inhibitors have become an efficient way to treat cancers. Indeed, anti-CTLA-4,
anti-PD1, and anti-PDL-1 antibodies are now used as therapies for cancers. However, while …

The insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway has been implicated in non-small
cell lung cancer (NSCLC) outcomes and resistance to targeted therapies. However, little is …

Background Thyroid carcinoma (THCA) is a common endocrine malignant tumor. Papillary
carcinoma with low degree of malignancy and good prognosis is the most common. It can …

Cancer driver genes play a crucial role in the formation and development of cancer. Their
mutations provide tumor cells with a selective growth advantage, thus promoting tumor …

Phycocyanin, derived from marine algae, is known to have noteworthy antineoplastic
properties. However, the underlying mechanism involved in phycocyanin-mediated anti …

Somatic mutations have been identified in 10% to 63% of focal cortical dysplasia type II
samples, primarily linked to the mTOR pathway. When the causative genetic mutations are …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant type of central nervous
system tumours in adults. Strict regulation of glucose homeostasis has a significant role in …

Abstract Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS), an intracellular molecule devoid of an intrinsic
kinase activity, is activated upon binding to IR which thereby works as a scaffold, organizing …

Cancer is a complex gene mutation disease that derives from the accumulation of mutations
during somatic cell evolution. With the advent of high-throughput technology, a large amount …