The provision of adequate thermal management is becoming increasingly challenging on
both military and civil aircraft. This is due to significant growth in the magnitude of onboard …

The electrification of aircraft propulsive systems has been identified as one of the potential
solutions towards a lower carbon footprint in the aviation industry. However, there are still …

Commercial aircraft operate over a wide range of atmospheric conditions, with temperatures
exceeding 40° C during takeoff and dropping below-50° C at cruising altitudes near 10 km …

The utilization of hybrid electric propulsion concept in aviation offers a viable solution to
address the limitations posed by the relatively low energy density of batteries in fully electric …

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and so-called hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) are used as
refrigerants in air conditioning, refrigeration, chillers, heat pumps and devices for …

A battery thermal management system (BTMS) for a hybrid electric aircraft is designed. Hot-
day takeoff conditions are assumed, resulting in an ambient temperature higher than the …

The aircraft air-conditioning system, which consumes the engine bleed air to provide stable
and comfort environment for passengers, has a high demand of system reliability and …

The aircraft environmental control system (ECS) provides stable and comfortable conditions
for passengers, and it is also the largest energy consumer among aircraft non-propulsive …

Projects related to green aviation designed to achieve fuel savings and emission reductions
are increasingly being established in response to growing concerns over climate change …

The air conditioning system of executive, commercial, or military aircraft heavily relies on air
cycle machines due to the availability of engine bleed air and their lightness and reliability …