Applications of phthalocyanines (Pcs) in electrocatalysis—including the oxygen reduction
reaction (ORR), the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), the oxygen evolution …

One bottleneck hampering the widespread use of fuel cell vehicles, in particular of proton
exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), is the high cost of the cathode where the oxygen …

While platinum has hitherto been the element of choice for catalysing oxygen
electroreduction in acidic polymer fuel cells, tremendous progress has been reported for …

During the preparation of atomically dispersed Fe–N–C catalysts, it is difficult to avoid the
formation of iron‐carbide‐containing iron clusters (“FexC/Fe”), along with the desired carbon …

The active sites of Fe–N–C catalysts are nitrogen coordinated iron atoms, FeNx (x= 1–5),
that have five possible coordination numbers. FeN4 active sites are commonly reported, but …

With the approaching commercialization of PEM fuel cell technology, developing active,
inexpensive non-precious metal ORR catalyst materials to replace currently used Pt-based …

The CO2 electrochemical reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a promising technology for
converting CO2 into chemicals and fuels, using surplus electricity from renewable sources …

Carbon has unique characteristics that make it an ideal material for use in a wide variety of
electrochemical applications ranging from metal refining to electrocatalysis and fuel cells. In …

The widespread use of fuel cells is currently limited by the lack of efficient and cost-effective
catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Iron-based non-precious metal catalysts exhibit …

Fuel cell reactions invariably involve an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode,
which is one of the main rate-decreasing steps on platinum (Pt)-catalysts in the water …