Activated B cells participate in either extrafollicular (EF) or germinal center (GC) responses.
Canonical responses are composed of a short wave of plasmablasts (PBs) arising from EF …

The past few years have provided important insights into the genetic architecture of systemic
autoimmunity through aggregation of findings from genome-wide association studies …

Age-associated B cells (ABCs) are formed under inflammatory conditions and are
considered a type of memory B cell (MBC) expressing the transcription factor T-bet. In SLE …

Differences in immune responses to viruses and autoimmune diseases such as systemic
lupus erythematosus (SLE) can show sexual dimorphism. Age-associated B cells (ABC) are …

Age‐associated B cells (ABCs) have emerged as critical components of immune responses.
Their inappropriate expansion and differentiation have increasingly been linked to the …

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common type of primary
glomerulonephritis, often progressing to renal failure. IgAN is triggered by IgA deposition in …

The liver's unique characteristics have a profound impact on the priming and maintenance of
adaptive immunity. This review delves into the cellular circuits that regulate adaptive …

T follicular helper (TFH) cells are the conventional drivers of protective, germinal center (GC)–
based antiviral antibody responses. However, loss of TFH cells and GCs has been observed …

B lymphocytes are multitasking cells that direct the immune response by producing pro-or
anti-inflammatory cytokines, by presenting processed antigen for T cell activation and co …

Consecutive exposures to different pathogens are highly prevalent and often alter the host
immune response. However, it remains unknown how a secondary bacterial infection affects …