Macroautophagy and microautophagy are highly conserved eukaryotic cellular processes
that degrade cytoplasmic material in lysosomes. Both pathways involve characteristic …

Abstract 'Autophagy'refers to an evolutionarily conserved process through which cellular
contents, such as damaged organelles and protein aggregates, are delivered to lysosomes …

Since the discovery of Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) as an important pivot for
cytosolic DNA sensation and interferon (IFN) induction, intensive efforts have been …

Autophagy is a fundamental catabolic process coordinated by a network of autophagy-
related (ATG) proteins. These ATG proteins also perform an important parallel role in …

Cell death and immune response are at the core of life. In past decades, the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) protein STING1 (also known as STING or TMEM173) was found to play a …

ER-phagy (reticulophagy) defines the degradation of portions of the endoplasmic reticulum
(ER) within lysosomes or vacuoles. It is part of the self-digestion (ie, autophagic) programs …

Cells harness multiple pathways to maintain lysosome integrity, a central homeostatic
process. Damaged lysosomes can be repaired or targeted for degradation by lysophagy, a …

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an intracellular sensor of cyclic di-nucleotides
involved in the innate immune response against pathogen-or self-derived DNA. STING …

Invasive bacteria enter the cytosol of host cells through initial uptake into bacteria‐
containing vacuoles (BCVs) and subsequent rupture of the BCV membrane, thereby …

The cGAS‐STING pathway plays an important role in host defense by sensing pathogen
DNA, inducing type I IFNs, and initiating autophagy. However, the molecular mechanism of …