With cardiovascular disease (CVD) being a primary source of global morbidity and mortality,
it is crucial that we understand the molecular pathophysiological mechanisms at play …

Angiotensin II regulates the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the
kidney. Background Emerging evidence suggests that angiotensin II (Ang II) is not only a …

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine that becomes elevated in chronic
inflammatory states such as hypertension and diabetes and has been found to mediate both …

Hypertension is considered a low-grade inflammatory condition induced by various
proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Recent studies have …

Recent research suggests that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) may play an important role in
obesity-associated insulin resistance and diabetes. We studied the relationship between …

In spite of its high impact on cardiovascular and renal disease, knowledge on risk factors for
the development of high blood pressure (HBP) is limited. Mild chronic inflammation may play …

Evidence that was obtained in several experimental models and in strains of hypertensive
rats indicates that infiltration of inflammatory cells and oxidative stress in the kidney play a …

Urinary and renal interstitial concentrations of TNF-α increase prior to the rise in albuminuria
in diabetic rats. Background The development of diabetic nephropathy has been linked to …

A recent genome-wide association study identified a locus on chromosome 16 in the
promoter region of the uromodulin (UMOD) gene that is associated with hypertension. Here …

Angiotensin II (ANG II) has been etiologically linked to vascular disease; however, its role in
the alterations of endothelial function that occur in vascular disorders is not completely …