We have known for more than 45 years that microplastics in the ocean are carriers of
microbially dominated assemblages. However, only recently has the role of microbial …

In this article, I first provide an overview of the Neandertals by recounting their initial
discovery and subsequent interpretation by scientists and by discussing our current …

The rise of ancient genomics has revolutionised our understanding of human prehistory but
this work depends on the availability of suitable samples. Here we present a complete …

Early Levallois core technology is usually dated in Europe to the end of Marine Isotope
Stage (MIS) 9 and particularly from the beginning of MIS 8 to MIS 6. This technology is …

Archaeological dental calculus, or mineralized plaque, is a key tool to track the evolution of
oral microbiota across time in response to processes that impacted our culture and biology …

Birch tar is the oldest synthetic substance made by early humans. The earliest such artefacts
are associated with Neanderthals. According to traditional interpretations, their study allows …

Technological processes, reconstructed from the archaeological record, are used to study
the evolution of behaviour and cognition of Neanderthals and early modern humans. In …

The Evolution of Paleolithic Technologies provides a novel perspective on long-term
trajectories of evolutionary change in Paleolithic tools and tool-makers. Members of the …

We report the discovery of a 50,000-y-old birch tar-hafted flint tool found off the present-day
coastline of The Netherlands. The production of adhesives and multicomponent tools is …

Stimuli-responsive temporary adhesives constitute a rapidly developing class of materials
defined by the modulation of adhesion upon exposure to an external stimulus or stimuli …