Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder that primarily
affects the joints. One hypothesis for the pathogenesis of RA is that disease begins at …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints.
Microbial infection is considered a crucial inducer of RA. Alterations in the composition of …

The microbiome is represented by microorganisms which live in a symbiotic way with the
mammalian. Microorganisms have the ability to influence different physiological aspects …

Background The adaptive immune response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is influenced by an
interaction between host genetics and environment, particularly the host microbiome …

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis can be divided into two major subsets characterized by the
presence versus absence of antibodies to citrullinated protein antigens (ACPAs) and of …

Gut microbial diversity changes throughout the human life span and is known to be
associated with host sex. We investigated the association of age, sex, and gut bacterial …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent systemic autoimmune disease, caused by a
combination of genetic and environmental factors. Animal models suggest a role for …

Characterization and understanding of gut microbiota has recently increased representing a
wide research field, especially in autoimmune diseases. Gut microbiota is the major source …

In humans, a complex interaction between the host immune system and commensal
microbiota is required to maintain gut homeostasis. In this symbiotic relationship, the …

Targeted manipulation of the gut flora is increasingly being recognized as a means to
improve human health. Yet, the temporal dynamics and intra-and interindividual …